Postural deformation results from repetitive actions that lead to worn out muscles and tissues, or engaging in weight training programs without proper supervision and body-form (National Council on Strength and Fitness).
Common causes of bad posture among students
Excessive use of computers
Lack of physical activity / Sedentary lifestyles
Inappropriate postures while sitting or watching T.V.
Carrying heavy school bags (Gidney, J., 2012)
"Carrying heavy backpacks or not wearing them properly causes a compression of the spine" (Lemeunier et al., 2012). In this case, students unconsciously move their heads forward to compensate for their back which leads to lower back and neck problems; ultimately affecting the health of the spine and causing a deformity in posture. It is best for students to carry only what they need for the day and lectures in order to prevent further damage.
Moreover, the use of handheld devices and technological devices assume a close to neutral position with the exception of a large forward head flexion. This is a massive contributing factor to shoulder and head displacement leading to muscular imbalances, tight and weak joints. In addition, slouching while sitting is not a natural body position and thus can cause bothersome pain in your back, neck and shoulder (Szcus et al., 2016).
Last but definitely not the least, poor posture may be aggravated by lack of physical activity which causes weakened stomach muscles that normally hold the pelvis in the proper position. The abnormal positions or posture puts the entire skeletal system out of position and creates stress all the way down to the base of the structure of the foot (Kim et al., 2o15).